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Commemorative Head of an Oba, 16th century
Benin Kingdom
Geographic Origin: Nigeria
Brass
9 1/8 inches (23.18 cm)
Purchase: William Rockhill Nelson Trust through the generosity of Donald J. and Adele C. Hall, Mr. and Mrs. Herman Robert Sutherland, and an anonymous donor; The Nelson Gallery Foundation; and the exchange of a Trust property, 87-7
Location: Gallery L9
The tradition of brass casting at Benin is believed to date from the 14th century. Memorial heads were among the earliest metal castings made by craftsmen at Benin. The heads were placed on semi-circular platforms which served as altars in the royal courtyard. During annual rituals the paramount ruler (oba) paid homage to deceased rulers, each at his own altar. It was through these rituals that the living monarch gained access to the spiritual power of his predecessors, thus assuring prosperity for the kingdom.
This memorial head belongs to an exceptional class of Benin bronze heads, designated "rolled-collar" heads. The head is represented wearing an elaborate cap and collar made from coral beads. Strands of coral beads are also depicted descending from either side of the cap. Precious materials such as brass, coral and ivory were royal prerogatives which also symbolized the power and purity of the ruler.
Although the most important ritual objects placed on the altars were the memorial heads, brass bells, iron swords and cast brass equestrian and messenger figures were also placed there. Engraved ivory tusks were also a part of altar paraphernalia.
